Explaining full faith and credit

There seems to be some confusion about what the full faith and credit clause is and how it applies to DOMA.

Well, full faith and credit is the principle by which states automatically recognize the legal transactions of other states. Marriage licenses are traditionally one of the things included. However DOMA gives states an exception and allows them the option of not recognizing same-sex marriages performed in other states. Thus, if a heterosexual couple gets married in New York and moves to Texas, they don't have to get married again to be legally recognized as married. But if a same-sex couple marries in New York and moves to Texas, well, they're not married anymore, or at least not while they are in Texas.

This provision of DOMA is what keeps same-sex marriage from spreading all over the country by people who get married in states in which it is legal, then go back home. This part of DOMA was also NOT argued when the Supreme Court heard arguments on DOMA back in March. Since it wasn't argued, I doubt they would rule on it.

It also should be noted that even if the Supremes strike down all of DOMA, same-sex marriage won't instantly be available in all 50 states. You can bet that states that don't allow same-sex marriage would quickly act to restore the full faith and credit exception. Only if the court expressly strikes this provision down and says it is unconstitutional would marriage rights be extended this way.

It could happen, but I kinda doubt it.

Here's a link to a legal description of the full faith and credit clause.

http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Ful … dit+Clause

BTW, I know this clause sounds heinous now, but it may well have saved us much bigger trouble. Remember that at the time DOMA passed during the Clinton administration, there was very serious talk about passage of a constitutional amendment barring same-sex marriage. Clinton used this provision of DOMA to convince some reluctant congressmen that an amendment was unnecessary. If an amendment had passed, same-sex marriage would almost certainly not be legal anywhere in the country today.


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  • If you could cite some references for me to read I'd be interested in doing so. I'm not sure how Article 4 Section 1 has been used in civil rights cases. One possibility was that it was used to force the return of slaves. But I'm having trouble thinking of other uses. Fur ball posted some good stuff on DOMA. I think there's a real doubt about the constitutionality of DOMA as it relates to full faith and credit. But the court wasnt asked to decide that so odds are they won't

    The gay rulings should come this week but not necessarily Monday. Last week they also released rulings on Thursday.

    I highly recommend the piece by Tobias Wolf that Fur ball posted. It provides some clarity on a confusing topic and explains why ending DOMA is not going to force hardcore states to accept same-sex marriages. It does however lay out a strong case why DOMA should be repealed or found unconstitutional.
    BearinFW 06/23/2013 08:21 PM
  • I don't think the confusion regarding full faith and credit is astounding, I think it's understandable.

    On the one hand, as BearinFW points out, if I'm driving across the country and I get pulled over for speeding in Colorado, my Maine driver's license should be just as valid and legal there as it is in Maine. We are *supposed* to be the *united* states.

    On the other hand, as Top4 points out, the full faith and credit legal concept has historically been used (rather, *abused*) to discriminate against people and their rights, depending upon which state they're living in. That of course, is unconstitutional and has been ruled thus.

    This is a case where the 10th Amendment (state's rights) can conflict with the rest of the constitution. It'll be interesting to see what happens tomorrow.
    skibear 06/23/2013 05:06 PM
  • I think what you are trying to say is that the full faith and credit clause cannot be used as a means of promoting discrimination. I think that the full faith and credit exception in DOMA likely would be ruled unconstitutional IF the judges took a look at it. I doubt they will. I don't, however, think that DOMA uses the full faith and credit clause to promote discrimination. Rather, it tries an end run around full faith and credit. I know full faith and credit isn't ironclad. There are some exceptions (law licenses for one). But the question is whether the exception in DOMA would be considered valid. I don't think it is.

    However, full faith and credit itself isn't unconstitutional. It's IN the freaking Constitution. I suspect that what you're trying to say is right, but you're just not saying it in a way that is clear to me. This is from the link I posted earlier.

    The Full Faith and Credit Clause—Article IV, Section 1, of the U.S. Constitution—provides that the various states must recognize legislative acts, public records, and judicial decisions of the other states within the United States. It states that "Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State." The statute that implements the clause, 28 U.S.C.A. § 1738, further specifies that "a state's preclusion rules should control matters originally litigated in that state." The Full Faith and Credit Clause ensures that judicial decisions rendered by the courts in one state are recognized and honored in every other state. It also prevents parties from moving to another state to escape enforcement of a judgment or to relitigate a controversy already decided elsewhere, a practice known as forum shopping.
    BearinFW 06/23/2013 05:00 PM
  • Top4, I appreciate your dedication to researching the facts of which you are quite correct on, thank you.
    barney290 06/23/2013 10:56 AM
  • I agree with you Bear. As DOMA stands now, section 3 of it is expected to be struck down "Section 3. Definition of marriage In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, or of any ruling, regulation, or interpretation of the various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States, the word 'marriage' means only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife, and the word 'spouse' refers only to a person of the opposite sex who is a husband or a wife."

    But Section 2 will be left in place: "Section 2, No State, territory, or possession of the United States, or Indian tribe, shall be required to give effect to any public act, record, or judicial proceeding of any other State, territory, possession, or tribe respecting a relationship between persons of the same sex that is treated as a marriage under the laws of such other State, territory, possession, or tribe, or a right or claim arising from such relationship."

    I wish that they would strike down Section 2, too. Like I said before, with this court's makeup--no way (I hope I'm proved wrong).

    Clearly stated is a this quote from Jane Schacter, a Stanford University professor of constitutional law, who said even repealing DOMA would not solve the question of state recognition.

    “Even if DOMA were repealed tomorrow, states traditionally have relied on their own principles and public policies to decide to recognize another state’s marriage,” Schacter said. “It’s not as if DOMA for the first time empowered them to do that.”

    For decades, states differed on marriage rules, such as whether to allow first cousins to marry. Schacter said the Supreme Court has never applied the full faith and credit clause of the Constitution to compel states to recognize out-of-state marriages that are illegal in their own state.

    Differences in state laws on same-sex marriage are “going to complicate things, no question about that,” Schacter said. “Just getting rid of DOMA doesn’t get rid of that complication.” Full article here: http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2013/06/supreme-c … d-matters/

    If you can stand to read more, an in-depth analysis written by Tobias Barrington Wolff goes into how complicated the issue is and how in many states the full faith and credit clause is not a factor --like Schacter's point-- in how recognizes marriages from other states. Though the blog was written in 2011, the key issues are still the same: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tobias-barrington-w … 05484.html
    furball 06/23/2013 05:20 AM
  • Dude, you have it backwards. Full faith and credit is actually a *good* thing. It means that drivers licenses from other states are accepted as valid, as are marriage licenses, as are divorces, many professional licenses, sales of cars, etc., etc. DOMA was at least in part meant to head off a constitutional amendment by allowing states to circumvent the normal rules.

    I do think the full faith and credit section of DOMA *could* be ruled unconstitutional based on traditional and constitutional precedent. I just don't think the court will do it.

    Actually, we may be talking about the same thing, but just in different language.
    BearinFW 06/23/2013 04:36 AM
  • Nice post FWbear. I wish they would address it, but sadly not with this court's make-up. I just wonder what homophobic vitriol will drip from Scalia's pen this coming week.

    On a different note, I'm not sure if you saw Senator Murkowski's (R-AK) comments that she posted on her website this week. She's going to take some grief for it back in AK, but I'm real glad she did it: http://www.murkowski.senate.gov/public/index.cfm? … 4b3aef41dc
    furball 06/22/2013 01:25 PM